All |
GDP (PPP) [16] |
Gross Domestic Product measured in international dollars |
WHO |
Prices increases with GDP |
|
GDP (USD) [16] |
Gross Domestic Product measured in US dollars |
WHO |
Prices increases with GDP |
Both Media Models |
Regional Dummies (WHO) |
Global Burden of Disease regions (geographic and economic) |
WHO |
Proximate groups may have similar market structures |
|
Regional Dummies (WB) |
World Bank regions – Income groups (economic) |
WB |
Proximate groups may have similar market structures |
Printed Media |
Flyer Dummy |
Variable indicating if price is for flyer rather than poster |
Collected data/WHO |
Lower price if flyer |
|
Flyer Dummy * GDP |
Interaction term |
|
Price of flyers may have different relation to GDP than posters if different printing technologies are used |
Advertising Media |
Population in service area [17] |
Total population in area reached by a media outlet |
UN Stats/World Gazetteer |
Larger population raises price |
|
Predicted market size [17] |
Total population in area reached by a media outlet adjusted for access to media outlets |
UN Stats |
Larger population raises price |
|
Competition within media outlet type [23;24;25] |
Number of media outlets within a category (TV, Radio, Newspaper), adjusted and unadjusted for predicted market size |
CIA Fact book/UN Stats |
Greater competition would likely reduce prices (although interacts with demand for media) |
|
Competition with all media outlet types [23] |
Number of media outlets across categories (TV, Radio, Newspaper), adjusted and unadjusted for predicted market size |
|
|
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Monopoly [17] |
|
Collected data |
Monopoly would likely raise prices |
|
Government Ownership [17] |
|
|
Undetermined; depends on government pricing policy but likely would raise prices if monopoly or lower prices if in competitive market. |
|
Newspaper Dummy |
Variable indicating if price is for Newspaper rather than radio |
Collected data/WHO |
Higher price than radio |
|
TV Dummy |
Variable indicating if price is for TV rather than radio |
|
Higher price than radio |
|
Dummies * GDP |
Interaction term |
|
Price of media may have different relation to GDP than radio because different technologies are used |
Water |
Access to fresh water |
Amount of water available per capita (annual) |
WB Development Indicators |
Higher access to water should lower price |
|
Total quantity of water supplied [17;33] |
Total amount of water supplied in a country (annual) |
|
More demand should raise prices; may also indicate dis/economies of scale |
|
Island (dummy) |
Variable indicates if the country is a small island |
Data collected |
Increase price if an island |
|
Annual Rainfall [33] |
Total annual rainfall |
Country Watch |
Increased rainfall should decrease price of water |
Electricity |
Fraction derived from fossil fuels |
Percentage of electricity generated from fossil fuels |
CIA Fact book |
Higher fossil fuel use should increases price |
|
Fraction imported |
Percentage of electricity consumed that is imported |
|
Higher imports should increase price |
|
Total electricity consumption [17] |
Total amount of electricity consumed |
|
More demand should raise prices; may also indicate dis/economies of scale |
|
Total electricity production [17] |
Total amount of electricity produced |
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