Table 1.
Cosinor analysis of mPER1 expression.
| Group | P | MESOR ± SE (IOD) | Amplitude ± SE (IOD) | Acrophase (95 %CL) Hour |
| Expression of m PER1 in the brains | ||||
| Con | < 0.001 | 1010.8 ± 47.2 | 728.6 ± 66.8 | -343.5° (-333, -354) 22:54 |
| MD | < 0.001 | 1609.5 ± 149.9* | 1263.1 ± 212.0* | -256.1° (-237, -275)* 17:04 |
| MW | < 0.001 | 1221.6 ± 66.6 | 832.6 ± 94.3 | -348.6° (-335, 0) 23:24 |
| Expression of mPER1 in the kidneys | ||||
| Con | < 0.001 | 2559.2 ± 110.3 | 1368.4 ± 156.1 | -47.7° (-34, -60) 03:11 |
| MD | 0.538 | 113.1 ± 15.9# | 25.4 ± 22.5# | -148.5° (0, 0)# 09:54 |
| MW | 0.602 | 396.8 ± 45.9# | 66.0 ± 64.9# | -350.5° (0, 0)# 23:22 |
* p < 0.05 compared with control or MW groups, separately, tested by the parameters of cosinor designed by Bingham et al. [18]. # p < 0.05 compared with control group, tested by the parameters of cosinor. The mPER1 protein expression level is represented by the IOD, which was the value of immunoreactivity of mPER1 in tissues reacting with mPER1 antibody determined by image pro plus software.
Con: Control; MD: Morphine-dependent; MW: Morphine-withdrawal. P in the table is the p-value of circadian rhythm coming from cosine function fitting. The hour in the table is the time of clock hour for the acrophase of the fitted cosine function.