Recovery of Tax-specific T-cell responses in orally HTLV-1-infected rats by subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation with HTLV-1-infected primary T cells. Rats orally infected with HTLV-1 15 weeks previously were subcutaneously inoculated without (P.O. rat 1) or with (P.O. rats 2 to 5) primary spleen T cells (2 × 107 cells), which had been isolated from other syngeneic orally HTLV-1-infected rats and treated with MMC before the inoculation, either immediately (uncultured T) or after 2 days of culture in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% FCS (cultured T), as indicated. After 5 weeks, the spleen T cells were harvested from these rats and subjected to proliferation assays against medium only (░⃞), formalin-treated G14 cells (□), or Tax-G14 cells (▪). The results represent the mean [3H]thymidine incorporation ± the SD in triplicate samples.