Structural determinants for the SARS-CoV macro domain ADP-ribose 1"-phosphatase activity. (A) The ADP-ribose molecule and the amino acid residues from the binding pocket are represented in sticks. Carbon atoms from the ADP-ribose molecule are shown in white, whereas carbon atoms from the surrounding residues are colored according to their role in ADP-ribose 1"-phosphatase activity: orange when substitution of the residue to alanine abolished activity and yellow when minor activity persists upon replacement by an alanine. For residues that were not replaced, carbon atoms are displayed in cyan. The two water molecules present in the ADP-ribose binding pocket are shown as green spheres. (B) TLC assay. Abbreviations are the same as in Fig. 4. In the first three lanes, Appr>p, Appr1"-p, and Appr were loaded as markers. In lanes 4 to 9, wild-type enzyme and several mutants (N38A, N41A, H46A, G47A/G48A, and F133A) were tested for their ADP-ribose 1"-phosphatase activity as described in Materials and Methods.