N-linked, not O-linked, sialic acid facilitates AAV1 and AAV6 transduction. Cos-7 cells were treated with the indicated doses of N-benzyl GalNAc (A) or tunicamycin (B) for 24 h prior to transduction. Then the cells were transduced with AAV1-luc, AAV6-luc, AAV4-luc, or AAV2-luc. Luciferase expression was analyzed 24 h after transduction. The relative transduction efficiency was determined by comparison with control untreated cells and is presented in log scale. (C) Transduction of CHO cells (Pro-5) and N-linked-glycan-deficient CHO cells (Lec-1) with AAV1-luc, AAV6-luc, AAV2-luc, and AAV4-luc. RLU, relative light units.