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. 2006 Sep;80(18):9039–9052. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01013-06

TABLE 1.

Cellular proteins in MDM-derived HIV-1aa

Fraction (size range in kDa) Protein nameb Mol mass (Da)c Particled Locatione Function/structure in which protein is involvedf Accession no.g No. of peptides
1 (5-7) 3′,5′-Cyclic phosphodiesterase B 124,376 M Metabolism Q13370 2
Alpha-actinin 4 (F-actin cross linking protein) 104,854 C Actin cytoskeleton O43707 2
2 (8-11) S100A10 (p11) 11,072 C, M LE trafficking P60903 5
S100A11 (S100C) 11,740 C, M Signaling P31949 4
S100A6 10,180 C, M Signaling P06703 2
S100A8 10,835 C, M Signaling P05109 2
Histone H4 11,236 Exo N Chromatin P62805 3
Beta-2-microglobulin 13,714 Vir M Antigen presentation P61769 2
Syndecan-2 (C-terminal fraction) 22,174 (P) M Adhesion P34741 2
Hypothetical protein (fractions 3 [2] and 15 [4]) 15,258 ? ? Q3MIF5 2
3 (11-16) Epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP) 15,033 C Lipid organization Q01469 4
Histone H2B 13,775 Exo N Chromatin P62807 4
Histone H3.1 15,273 Exo N Chromatin P68431 2
Profilin-1 14,923 Exo C Actin cytoskeleton P07737 3
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP-8) 11,438 C LE trafficking Q9BV40 3
Vacuolar ATP synthase subunit G1 13,626 C Vesicular acidification O75348 3
Lysozyme C 16,537 S Bacteriolysis P61626 3
Ubiquitin (fractions 4 [3], 6 [2], 8 [2], 10 [2], 12 [2], 15 [2]) 8,565 Vir C, N UPS/protein trafficking Q9UEF2 3
Retinoic acid-binding protein II (CRABP-II) 15,562 C Signaling P29373 2
Galectin-1 14,584 C, M, S Signaling P09382 2
Coactosin-like protein 15,814 C Actin cytoskeleton Q14019 2
Signal recognition particle 14-kDa protein (SRP14) 14,544 C Secretion P37108 2
Syndecan-2 (mature protein) 22,174 (P) M Adhesion P34741 2
4 (16-20) Cyclophilin A (fraction 5 [2]) 17,881 Vir C Protein folding P62937 8
GAPR-1 17,087 M Membrane (Golgi, ER) Q9H4G4 5
Cofilin (fraction 5 [2]) 18,502 Exo, Vir C Actin cytoskeleton P23528 4
Methylmalonyl-coenzyme A epimerase 18,749 ? ? Q96PE7 2
RAD21-like 1 22,840 ? ? Q5W0X5 2
Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoG 21,309 M Signaling P84095 2
40S ribosomal protein S16 16,314 C Translation P62249 2
Ankyrin repeat domain 22 21,849 ? ? Q5VYY1 2
Beta-glucan receptor isoform E 19,218 M Innate immunity Q96PA7 2
Clathrin light chain A 27,077 M Endocytosis P09496 3
Clathrin light chain B (fraction 3 [3]) 25,190 M Endocytosis P09497 2
COP9 signalosome complex subunit 7b 29,622 C Signaling/neddylation Q9H9Q2 2
Forkhead box protein G1B 51,340 N Transcription P55315 2
Galectin-9 39,518 S Signaling O00182 2
HSPC069 isoform b 135,937 ? ? Q5QGN2 2
Prolyl endopeptidase 80,749 C Cellular protease P48147 2
5 (20-24 kDa) Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 19,536 C Actin cytoskeleton P59998 5
Vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) 29 human homolog 20,506 C, M Vesicular trafficking Q9UBQ0 2
ARF-1 (ADP-ribosylation factor 1) (fraction 4 [3]) 20,566 M Vesicular trafficking P84077 3
Rap-1A (Ras-related protein) 20,987 M Signaling P62834 2
CDC42 21,311 M Actin cytoskeleton P60953 2
Cyclophilin B 22,742 ER ER protein folding P23284 2
Tmp21 24,976 G Golgi vesicle sorting P49755 2
Synaptogyrin-1 25,570 ? ? O43759 2
CD81 (fraction 2 [2]) 25,809 Exo, Vir M Signaling P60033 1
Desmoyokin (AHNAK) (fraction 2 [2]) 312,493 C, N Actin cytoskeleton Q09666 2
Desmoplakin (DP) (fraction 3 [3]) 8,331,776 C Actin cytoskeleton P15924 3
Junction plakoglobin (desmoplakin-3) 81,498 C, M Actin cytoskeleton P14923 3
Tsg101 43,944 Exo, Vir C Vesicle sorting Q99816 2
6 (24-29) CD9 (fractions 5 [3], 7 [4], 8 [5], 9 [2], 10 [2], 12 [2], 13 [2], and 14 [3]) 25,285 Exo M Signaling P21926 7
Syntenin 1 32,444 Exo M Actin cytoskeleton O00560 6
Peroxiredoxin 6 24,904 C Redox control P30041 6
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) 26,538 C Metabolism P60174 6
Rab7 (fraction 5 [4]) 23,490 Exo C LE trafficking P51149 5
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 28,673 C Catabolism P18669 4
Rab8A 23,668 M Vesicular trafficking P61006 4
Rab11 24,393 Exo M Vesicle trafficking P62491 3
Rab5C 23,483 M Vesicular transport P51148 3
Rab35 23,025 M Vesicle trafficking Q15286 2
Protein kinase C inhibitor protein 1 zeta/delta 27,745 C Signaling P63104 3
B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 27,860 ER, G ER-to-Golgi trafficking P51572 3
GlutathioneS-transferase P 23,225 C Redox control P09211 3
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran 24,423 N, C Nuclear shuttling P62826 3
LGALS3 protein variant (fraction 4 [3]) 27,118 ? Lectin binding Q59FR8 3
Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2) 24,399 S Protease inhibitor P16035 2
Protein kinase C inhibitor protein 1 beta/alpha 27,951 C Signaling P31946 2
Hypothetical protein FLJ43237 24,474 ? ? Q6ZUX7 2
Tetraspanin-14 30,691 ? ? Q8NG11 2
CD258 26,351 C, M, S Signaling O43557 2
Vps28 (human homolog) 26,558 C ESCRT I component Q9UK41 2
Rab1A 22,547 G Golgi vesicular sorting P62820 5
Transforming protein RhoA 21,768 M Signaling P61586 4
Peroxiredoxin 1 22,110 C Redox control Q06830 3
Rac3 21,379 C, M Signaling P60763 2
Renin receptor 39,008 M Signaling O75787 3
SNARE protein Ykt6 22,418 ER, G ER-to-Golgi transport O15498 3
Inositol oxygenase (fraction 4 [4]) 33,010 C Catabolism Q9UGB7 2
Rac1 21,450 M Signaling P63000 3
Rac2 21,429 C Signaling P15153 2
Rab10 22,541 M Vesicular transport P61026 2
Rab13 22,774 C Vesicular transport P51153 2
Rab5A 23,659 M Endocytosis P20339 2
Rab8B 23,584 M Vesicular transport Q92930 2
Ral-B 23,409 M Signaling P11234 2
Rap-1b 20,825 M, C Signaling P61224 2
7 (29-34) Annexin A5 35,805 Exo M Blood clotting P08758 4
PA28a proteasome subunit 28,723 C, N UPS Q06323 2
eEF1A (HIV-1 protease fragmenth) ∼30,000 Vir C Translation Q05639 3
HLA class II-DR 29,966 Exo M Antigen presentation P01903 3
Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (NCC27) 26,792 N, M, C Ion transport O00299 2
8 (34-43) Annexin A2 (calpactin I heavy chain) (fractions 7 [3] and 9 [9]) 38,472 Exo M Exocytosis P07355 27
ApoE (fractions 2 [3], 3 [2], 4 [6], 5 [5], 6 [11], 7 [7], 9 [8], 10 [2], 12 [5], 13 [2], 14 [4], 15 [3], and 16 [2]) 36,154 S Cholesterol transport P02649 25
Annexin A1 38,583 Exo Exocytosis P04083 7
CD53 (fractions 4 [1], 5 [1], 6 [1], and 10 [1]) 24,341 (G) Exo M Signaling P19397 2
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (fraction 5 [2]) 35,922 Vir C Metabolism P00354 7
Junctional adhesion molecule A (fraction 3 [2]) 32,518 (G) M Adhesion Q9Y624 5
Macrophage capping protein 38,518 C, N Actin cytoskeleton P40121 5
Vacuolar ATP synthase subunit d 40,329 C, M Vesicular acidification P61421 5
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 36,683 C Catabolism P09467 3
Biliverdin reductase A 33,428 C Metabolism P53004 5
Malate dehydrogenase 36,295 C Metabolism P40925 3
Poly(rC)-binding protein 1 37,498 N Nuclear export Q15365 3
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 34,577 C, N UPS O00487 2
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B (p41-ARC) 40,819 C Actin cytoskeleton O15143 2
F-actin capping protein alpha-1 subunit (CapZ alpha-1) 32,923 C Actin cytoskeleton P52907 2
Gi2 alpha 41,548 Exo C Signaling Q6B6N3 2
N-Acetylglucosamine kinase 37,244 C Carbohydrate metabolism Q9UJ70 2
Protein XRP2 39,641 ? ? O75695 2
Transcriptional activator protein PUR-alpha 34,911 N Transcription Q00577 2
1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase-like 4 129,725 ? Lipid signaling O75038 2
Erythroid membrane-associated protein 52,589 M, C Adhesion Q7Z3X0 2
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB1) 57,221 C Splicing, translation P26599 2
9 (43-48) Beta actin (fractions 8 [1], 10 [1], 11 [1], and 14 [1]) 41,736 Exo, Vir C Actin cytoskeleton P60709 5
Alpha-actin-2 (fractions 1 [2], 3 [2], 4 [3], 6 [4],7 [2], 8 [5], 13 [2], 14 [3], 15 [4], and 16 [2]) 42,009 Exo, Vir C Actin cytoskeleton P62736 5
2′,3′-Cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (fraction 7 [2]) 47,578 M Signaling P09543 4
HLA class A (fractions 8 [5], 10 [2], 12 [2]) 40,846 (G) Vir M Antigen presentation P30443 3
HLA class B (fraction 8 [2]) 40,331 (G) Exo, Vir M Antigen presentation P30460 4
HLA class C 40,710 (G) Vir M Antigen presentation P10321 2
CD82 (fractions 10 [2] and 11 [3]) 29,625 (G) Exo M Signaling P27701 2
Titin (cellular fragment)i 3816,262 C Contraction Q8WZ42 2
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PRP2) 44,483 C Metabolism P00558 2
Complement C4b 75,437 S Cell lysis P01028 2
10 (48-56) 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 53,008 C Metabolism P52209 10
LAP3 protein 56,136 ? ? Q6IAM6 6
GDP dissociation inhibitor beta (Rab GDIb) 50,663 Exo C, M Regulation of Rab targeting P50395 6
eEF1A (elongation factor-1 alpha) (fractions 3 [2], 5 [2], 6 [4], 7 [2], 8 [5], 12 [3], 13 [3], 15 [3], 16 [2]) 50,141 Exo, Vir C Translation Q05639 5
Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (fetuin-A) (fractions 11 [2], 12 [3], and 16 [2]) 39,324 (G) S Endocytosis P02765 3
Serine protease HTRA1 51,287 S Protease Q92743 5
Vimentin (fractions 5 [2] and 9 [2]) 53,520 C IF cytoskeleton P08670 5
Annexin A11 54,390 C, N ? P50995 4
Disulfide isomerase ER-60 56,782 ER Protein folding P30101 4
Thymidine phosphorylase (TdRPase) 49,955 C Metabolism P19971 4
Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) 51,542 M Actin-RNA-binding regulation Q01518 3
Alpha-enolase (fraction 8 [3]) 47,038 C, M Multiple function P06733 3
Coronin-1A 51,026 C Actin cytoskeleton P31146 3
CD14 40,076 (G) M LPS receptor P08571 3
CD147 42,200 (G) M Adhesion P35613 2
CD48 27,683 (G) M Signaling P09326 2
HU-K4 (fractions 11 [2], 12 [2], and 13 [2]) 48,771 ? ? Q92853 2
Rho-GTPase-activating protein 1 50,436 C Signaling Q07960 2
Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 50,862 G Glycosylation P26572 2
ATP synthase beta chain 56,560 Mi Metabolism P06576 2
TCP-1-beta 57,357 C Protein folding P78371 2
Tubulin alpha-1 49,924 Exo C Microtubules P68366 2
Vacuolar ATP synthase subunit B 56,501 C Endocytosis P21281 2
CD2/LFA-2 (fractions 2, 5, 7, 14 [1], and 16 [1]) 39,439 (G) Vir M Signaling P06729 1
Heat shock 40-kDa protein 4 44,868 M Protein folding P31689 5
Hsc70-interacting protein (HIP) 41,332 C Protein folding P50502 3
Actin-like protein 3 (ARP3) 47,371 C Actin cytoskeleton P61158 2
K-glypican 62,412 M Adhesion O75487 2
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) 46,342 S Differentiation P36955 2
Radixin 68,564 M Cytoskeleton P35241 3
Brain acid soluble protein 1 (BASP1, NAP22) 22,562 M Actin cytoskeleton P80723 2
Ifapsoriasin 248,073 C IF cytoskeleton Q5D862 2
Solute carrier family 12 member 7 119,150 M Ion transporter Q9Y666 2
11 (56-64) Pyruvate kinase (fractions 8 [3], 10 [4], 12 [15], 14 [2], and 15 [3]) 57,805 C Metabolism P14618 9
L-Plastin (lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1) 70,289 C Actin cytoskeleton P13796 9
EHD4 (fractions 10 [3] and 12 [5]) 61,175 C Vesicle trafficking Q9H223 4
Copine III (Ca2+ kinase) 60,130 M Membrane organization O75131 5
Carboxypeptidase M (fraction 12 [3]) 50,514 (G) M Extracellular protease P14384 2
Protein kinase C (fraction 12 [4]) 55,739 C Vesicular transport Q9UNF0 2
Gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (fraction 13 [2]) 61,382 M Redox control P19440 2
LIR-D1 55,903 M Adhesion Q8NG09 2
Lipid transfer protein II (fraction 13 [2]) 54,739 S Phospholipid transport P55058 3
Moesin (fractions 8 [3] and 10 [6]) 67,689 C Membrane-organizing P26038 6
75-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP75) 73,680 Mt Protein folding P38646 5
78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) 72,333 ER Protein folding P11021 4
Annexin A6 75,742 C, M Signaling P08133 3
12 (64-70) Membrane matrix metalloproteinase-14 65,883 M Membrane organization P50281 6
Hsc70 (fractions 9 [2] and 11 [14]) 70,898 Exo, Vir C Protein folding P11142 6
Hsp70-2 (fractions 9 [2] and 11 [6]) 70,021 Vir C Protein folding P54652 4
Hsp70-1 (fractions 6 [2] and 11 [12]) 70,052 Vir C Protein folding P08107 3
Hsp70-1L (fractions 6 [2] and 11 [5]) 70,375 C Protein folding P34931 2
CD58 (fractions 12 [2] and 13 [2]) 28,147 (G) M Adhesion, signaling P19256 2
CD84 36,871 (G) M ? O15430 2
Actin interacting protein 1 66,062 C Actin cytoskeleton O75083 2
Hsp60 61,055 C Protein folding P10809 3
Kindlin-3 (fractions 2 [2], 5 [2], 6 [5], 8 [10], 15 [3], 16 [2]) 75,952 C Cytoskeleton Q86UX7 8
Thyroxine-binding globulin 46,325 S Thyroxine transport P05543 3
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase (SHP-1) 67,561 C Signaling P29350 3
Catalase 59,625 C Redox control P04040 2
LAMP-1 (CD107a) (fractions 14 [2] and 15 [2]) 44,773 (G) M Endocytic trafficking P11279 2
13 (70-80) Hsp90 (fractions 15 [2] and 16 [3]) 83,133 Exo C Protein folding P08238 10
CD98 57,945 (G) M Amino acid transport P08195 3
CD54 (ICAM-1) (fraction 14 [4]) 57,825 (G) M Adhesion P05362 3
Quiescin Q6, isoform a (QSCN6) 82,578 ? ? O00391 4
Endopeptidase-2 84,368 M Protease Q16819 3
Rho GTPase activating protein 18 74,947 ? ? Q8N392 2
ALB protein (fractions 10 [2], 11 [5], 12 [3], 14 [2], and 15 [2]) 71,705 ? ? Q5D0D7 2
Gelsolin 85,697 C Actin cytoskeleton P06396 9
Periostin 93,332 S Adhesion Q15063 5
Hsp89-alpha-delta-N 63,252 ? Protein folding O75322 4
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) 87,335 C Signaling P42224 4
Matriptase (MT-SP1) 94,770 M Protease Q9Y5Y6 4
gp91-phox 65,205 M pH regulation P04839 2
Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 89,614 C, N Signaling P21580 3
26S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN1 100,200 C, N UPS Q13200 2
CDC48/p97 89,191 C, N Vesicle trafficking P55072 2
Vps35 (human homolog) 91,707 C, M Vesicle sorting Q96QK1 2
14 (80-100) CD18 (integrin beta-2) (fraction 13 [4]) 84,790 (G) Exo, Vir M Adhesion P05107 19
CD36 (fraction 13 [2]) 52,922 (G) M Adhesion P16671 7
CD43 (leukosialin) (fractions 5 [2] and 13 [2]) 40,322 (G) Vir M Signaling P16150 1
CD44 (fractions 4 [3], 5 [3], 6 [2], 11 [7], and 13 [3]) 81,214 (G) Vir M Adhesion P16070 3
CD61 (integrin beta-3) 87,214 M Adhesion P05106 3
CD49c (integrin alpha-3) 118,698 M Adhesion P26006 2
CD86 37,696 (G) M T-cell regulation P42081 2
CD276 57,235 (G) M T-cell regulation Q5ZPR3 2
CD315 (fraction 15 [4]) 98,556 M Signaling Q9P2B2 4
Na+/K+ ATPase 1 (fraction 15 [2]) 112,896 M Ion transport P05023 10
AIP-1/Alix (fractions 2 [2] and 12 [3]) 96,023 Exo, Vir C LE trafficking Q8WUM4 9
Hexokinase-3 98,919 C Microtubule motor P52790 6
94-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP94) 92,469 ER Protein folding P14625 5
Elongation factor 2 (EF-2) (fraction 13 [6]) 95,207 C Translation P13639 2
Importin beta-1 (importin 90) (fraction 13 [2]) 97,170 N, C Nuclear shuttling Q14974 2
Vacuolar proton pump subunit 1 96,413 M Endosome acidification Q93050 2
KIFC3 kinesin (fractions 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, and 16 [2]) 77,866 C Vesicle trafficking Q9BVG8 1
Putative helicase MOV-10 (fraction 12 [2]) 113,671 ? ? Q9HCE1 5
HEM-1 128,215 M ? P55160 4
Vinculin 123,668 M Actin cytoskeleton P18206 3
Fibulin-1 77,261 S Adhesion P23142 2
Inter-alpha-inhibitor heavy chain 2 (fractions 12 [2], 13 [2], 14 [2], and 16 [2]) 106,436 S Hyaluronan binding P19823 2
15 (100-130) CD11b (Mac-1, integrin alpha-M) (fraction 11 [2]) 27,178 (G) Exo, Vir M Adhesion P11215 11
CD13 (fraction 14 [2]) 109,380 M Signaling P15144 10
CD11c (fractions 14 [2] and 16 [2]) 127,887 M Adhesion P20702 8
CD29 (integrin beta-1) 884,654 (G) M Adhesion P05556 5
CD18 (integrin beta-1 chain) 88,465 (G) Exo, Vir M Adhesion P05556 2
CD49e (fibronectin receptor alpha subunit) 114,536 M Adhesion P08648 2
CD51 (vitronectin receptor alpha subunit) 116,052 M Adhesion P06756 2
CD304 (neurophilin-1) (fractions 14 [3] and 16 [2]) 103,120 M Signaling receptor O14786 2
EMILIN-2 115,616 S Adhesion Q9BXX0 6
Thrombospondin-1 129,413 ? Adhesion P07996 2
Myoferlin (fraction 16 [3]) 234,709 M Membrane organization Q9NZM1 6
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC) 131,130 M Signaling Q5T5R0 4
Cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein isoform 1 145,182 C Translation/RNA location Q7L576 3
Cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein isoform 4 94,523 C ? Q6ZSX1 2
Type 3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 304,038 ER Signaling Q14573 2
Nicastrin 78,411 M Protease Q92542 2
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (IQGAP1) (fraction 14 [2]) 189,252 M Actin cytoskeleton P46940 2
16 (130-280) Fibronectin 262,607 S, M Adhesion P02751 17
Clathrin heavy chain 1 (fractions 3 [3], 8 [6], 10 [6], 11 [7], 12 [8], 13 [11], 14 [15], and 15 [31]) 191,614 C Endocytosis Q00610 12
CD148 145,927 (G) M Signaling Q12913 2
CD169 (sialoadhesin) 182,624 M Adhesion Q9BZZ2 6
CD205 198,271 M Endocytosis O60449 2
Tenascin-C 240,866 S Adhesion P24821 3
Talin-1 (fractions 14 [2] and 15 [3]) 269,767 M Cytoskeketon membrane Q9Y490 19
Complement C3 (fraction 14 [2]) 187,164 S Cell lysis P01024 2
NPC-1 (fraction 15 [1]) 142,167 C LE/cholesterol trafficking O15118 1
Dermcidin 11,284 S Antimicrobial reaction P81605 2
17 (>280) Filamin A (FLNa) 280,759 S Actin cytoskeleton P21333 17
Plectin 1 (PLTN) 531,732 C IF cytoskeleton Q15149 4
a

The CID spectra were compared against those of the EMBL nonredundant protein database by using SEQUEST (ThermoElectron, San Jose, CA). Only those peptides having cross-correlation (Xcorr) cutoffs of 1.9 for [M + H]1+, 2.2 for [M + 2H]2+, and 3.5 for [M + 3H]3+ and with delta cross-correlation scores (ΔCn) of at least 0.09 (65) were considered. Proteins were identified at least by two peptides, either unique peptides in the same fraction or independent observations in different fractions. These SEQUEST criteria thresholds have been determined previously to result in a 95% confidence level in peptide identification (77).

b

Alternative names are provided in parentheses. Proteins whose observed mass falls within the expected molecular mass range of their fraction are shown in bold. Peptides from a given protein found in more than one fraction are indicated in parentheses with the other fraction numbers in which it was observed. The number of peptides found in the secondary fractions is indicated in brackets.

c

Theoretical molecular mass for the primary translation product calculated from DNA sequences protein. Glycosylated proteins are indicated by a G. Proteins with a processed cellular form are indicated by a P.

d

Proteins previously found in virions (Vir) or exosomes (Exo) are indicated.

e

The locations of the protein are indicated as follows: C, cytoplasmic (can include intracellular vesicles); M, plasma membrane; N, nuclear; S, secreted; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; G, Golgi; P, peroxisomal; and ?, unknown.

f

Abbreviations: UPS, ubiquitin/proteasome system; IF, intermediate filament; LE, late endosome; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; Reg., regulation; Red/Ox, reduction oxidation; and ?, unknown.

g

Accession numbers for UniProt (accessible at http://www.pir.uniprot.org/search/textSearch.shtml).

h

eEF1A (formerly named elongation factor-1 alpha) (12) fragments produced by HIV-1 protease (11, 51).

i

A 47-kDa truncated version of titin of unknown function was detected in immunoblots of monocyte-derived macrophage cultures (data not shown).