Fig. 5.

Protecting/denaturing osmolytes are preferentially depleted/accumulated at the protein backbone. Concentration of osmolyte around the backbone in a 1 M osmolyte solution plotted against measured Δg_tr values from Table 1. Data points corresponding to the 10 osmolytes in Fig. 1 are annotated in Inset. The local osmolyte concentration is given by the scaled difference between 〈O_pref〉 and 〈O_bulk〉, described in Methods. It is apparent that the backbone concentration of protecting osmolytes (Δg_tr > 0) is comparatively depleted ([osmolyte] < 1.0 M), whereas that of denaturing osmolytes (Δg_tr < 0) is comparatively enriched ([osmolyte] > 1.0 M).