Figure 3.

Negative density-dependent dispersal and its proportionate effect on the dynamics of the subpopulation. (a) Density-dependent dispersal rate function fitted by logistic-binomial modelling. (b) and (c) Density-dependent proportionate contribution of dispersal (emigration and immigration), mortality and recruitment to total turnover of increasing (b) and decreasing (c) subpopulations. Total turnover is defined as the sum of individuals recruited, immigrating, dying and emigrating to/from a subpopulation during a week. The density-dependent functions are obtained from a repeated measures logistic regression with subpopulation identity as the subject-level random effect and the demographic parameter (dispersal, mortality and recruitment) as the within-subject, repeated effect (cf. Andreassen & Ims 2001).