Fig. 4.

Sleep:wake cycles become weaker and sleep becomes fragmented with paraquat treatment. Wild-type female (Left) and male (Right) flies were maintained with (black) or without (gray) 1 mM paraquat throughout life. Paraquat-treated flies had decreased lifespan relative to controls (median lifespan of 53, 30, 60, and 33 for female control, female paraquat, male control, and male paraquat, respectively). Rhythm strength (Top), sleep bout numbers (Middle), and sleep bout durations (Bottom) are shown up to the median lifespan for each condition.