Table 1.
Animal signaling-pathway components in the sponge O. carmela
| Pathway components† | Functional roles | Phylogenetic distribution of signaling gene families* |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilateria |
Fungi |
Amb |
||||||||
| Hs | Mm | Gg | Sp | Dm | Ce | Sp | Sc | Dd | ||
| Wnt | ||||||||||
| Wnt | Ligand | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Frizzled | Receptor | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ● |
| Dkk | Antagonist | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Dixdc | Positive regulator | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| β-catenin | Downstream effector | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ● | ● |
| Dvl | Downstream effector | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Nemo | Downstream effector | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| TGFβ | ||||||||||
| Follistatin | Antagonist | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Mad | Downstream effector | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Hedgehog | ||||||||||
| Hh | Ligand | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Ptc | Receptor | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Disp | Ligand export | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Sufu | Downstream effector | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Receptor tyrosine kinase | ||||||||||
| Egfr | Receptor | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Igfr | Receptor | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Fgfr | Receptor | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Epha | Receptor | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Ret | Receptor | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Musk | Receptor | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Ddr | Receptor | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Jak/Stat | ||||||||||
| Jak | Receptor cofactor | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Stat | Transcription factor | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ● |
| Stam | Downstream effector | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ |
| Pias | Antagonist | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ● | ○ |
| Notch/Delta | ||||||||||
| Delta | Ligand | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Notch | Receptor | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ |
Dixdc, Dix domain containing; Dkk, Dickkopf; Dvl, Dishevelled; Nemo, Nemo-like kinase; Mad, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog; Hh, hedgehog homolog; Ptc, Patched; Sufu, suppressor of fused; Disp, Dispatched; Egfr, epidermal growth factor receptor; Igfr, insulin-like growth factor receptor; Fgfr, fibroblast growth factor receptor; Epha, Eph receptor A; Ret, Ret protooncogene; Musk, skeletal muscle tyrosine kinase receptor; Ddr, epithelial discoidin domain receptor; Jak, Janus kinase; Stam, signal transducing adaptor molecule; Stat, signal transducer and activator of transcription; Pias, protein inhibitor of activated STAT; Amb, Amoebozoa; Hs, Homo sapiens; Cf, Canis familiaris; Mm, Mus musculus; Gg, Gallus gallus; Sp, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; Dm, Drosophila melanogaster; Ce, Caenorhabditis elegans; Sp, Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Sc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Dd, Dictyostelium discoideum.
*Filled circles (●) indicate the presence of gene homologs, not necessarily orthologs, in select taxa. Open circles (○) indicate their absence.
†See supporting information for a full gene list and supplemental data.