Table 1.

definitions of the IUCN protected area management categories (IUCN 1994).

Category Ia

strict nature reserve: protected area managed mainly for science

area of land and/or sea possessing some outstanding or representative ecosystems, geological or physiological features and/or  species, available primarily for scientific research and/or environmental monitoring

Category Ib

wilderness area: protected area managed mainly for wilderness protection

large area of unmodified or slightly modified land, and/or sea, retaining its natural character and influence, without permanent  or significant habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural condition

Category II

national park: protected area managed mainly for ecosystem protection and recreation

natural area of land and/or sea, designated to (i) protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for present and future  generations, (ii) exclude exploitation or occupation inimical to the purposes of designation of the area and (iii) provide a  foundation for spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities, all of which must be environmentally  and culturally compatible

Category III

natural monument: protected area managed mainly for conservation of specific natural features

area containing one or more, specific natural or natural/cultural feature which is of outstanding or unique value because of its  inherent rarity, representative or aesthetic qualities or cultural significance

Category IV

habitat/species management area: protected area managed mainly for conservation through management intervention

area of land and/or sea subject to active intervention for management purposes so as to ensure the maintenance of habitats and/ or to meet the requirements of specific species

Category V

protected landscape/seascape: protected area managed mainly for landscape/seascape conservation and recreation

area of land, with coast and sea as appropriate, where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced an area of  distinct character with significant aesthetic, ecological and/or cultural value, and often with high biological diversity.  Safeguarding the integrity of this traditional interaction is vital to the protection, maintenance and evolution of such an area

Category VI

managed resource protected area: protected area managed mainly for the sustainable use of natural ecosystems

area containing predominantly unmodified natural systems, managed to ensure long-term protection and maintenance of  biological diversity, while providing at the same time a sustainable flow of natural products and services to meet community  needs