Table 6.

Parks Canada ecological integrity monitoring framework (Parks Canada 2004).

biodiversity (characteristic of region)	ecosystem functions (resilient, evolutionary potential)	stressors (unimpaired system)
species richness	succession/retrogression	human land-use patterns
change in species richnessnumbers and extent of exotics	disturbance frequencies and size (fire, insects, flooding)	land use maps, road densities, population densities
	vegetation age class distributions
population dynamics	productivity	habitat fragmentation
mortality/natality rates of indicator species	remote or by site	patch size, inter-patch distance, forest interior
immigration/emigration of indicator species	decompositionby site	pollutantssewage, petrochemicals, etc.
population viability of indicator species		long-range transport of toxins
trophic structure	nutrient retention	climate
size class distribution of all taxa	Ca, N per site	weather data
predation levels		frequency of extreme events
		other
		park specific issues