Table 3.

Summary of development requirements for indicators of sustainable forest use.

Form of indicator	Terms requiring definition	Methodological requirements	Survey requirements	Possible partners	Potential problems
Indicator 1: Area under sustainable forest management
Either an indicator  with a series of  stages or a  scoring system	‘Sustainable  management’	Agreement on  measuring levels  of sustainability	Global surveys	ITTO, World Bank,  CIFOR,  certification  bodies, wood  product companies	Agreement on  what constitutes  sustainable
Indicator 2: Products from sustainably managed forests
Volume or value of  products	‘Sustainably  managed’	Accounting  methods	Existing surveys  amalgamated  into global figure	Certification bodies,  major  retailers, FAO	Agreement on  what constitutes  sustainable
Indicator 3: Area of natural forests
Proportion of existing  forest in natural  state	‘Natural’	Rapid survey  methods (ideally  satellite images)  in tropics	Data available for  most temperate  forests, still  needed in tropics,  Southern Arc and  north Asia	FAO, UNECE,  ITTO, NASA,  World Resources  Institute	Identifying natural  forests;  agreement on  what is ‘natural’  in some areas
Indicator 4: Indicator species
Status of key species  reliant on  sustainably  managed forests	Identification  of indicator  species or  surrogates	Survey methods  exist	Major survey task  unless data  already collected  for other  indicators	National biodiversity  surveys, Red List,  NGOs, universities,  research institutes	Costs of identifying  and surveying  relevant species  may be  prohibitive