Table 4.

Summary of development requirements for indicators of sustainable forest use.

Form of indicator	Terms requiring definition	Methodological requirements	Survey requirements	Possible partners	Potential problems
Indicator 1: Area under sustainable farm management
Could use a scoring  system and might  need to to  distinguish between  crop and rangeland	‘Sustainable  management’	A widely applicable  method for  measuring levels of  sustainability	Global surveys	FAO, European  Commission/ Parliament,  governments,  organic sector  bodies, etc.	Practical  assessment  system and  typology
Indicator 2: Products from sustainably managed farms and rangeland
Volume or value of  products	‘Sustainably  managed’	Accounting methods	Existing surveys  amalgamated and  extended	Certification bodies,  major retailers,  FAO, governments	Agreement  on what  constitutes  sustainable
This indicator would be easy to monitor if an existing system, such as organic agriculture, could be adopted as the standard, but far more difficult if sustainability were defined more generally
Indicator 3: Area of semi-natural habitats within farmland
Natural habitat on  farmland	‘Natural’ and  ‘semi-natural’	Rapid survey methods  possibly using  satellite imagery	Detailed surveys  needed	FAO, NASA,  governments,  World Resources  Institute	Lack of data;  costs  may be  prohibitive
Indicator 4: Indicator species
Status of key species  reliant on  sustainably  managed forests	Identification of  indicator  species or  surrogates	Survey methods exist	Information  becoming  available for  Europe but  surveys needed  elsewhere	National biodiversity  surveys, Red List,  NGOs, universities,  research institutes	Costs may be  prohibitive;  substantial  time delays