Table 3.

Species selected for analysis: (a) agricultural birds and (b) woodland, park and garden birds. (Species were classified as specialists of these habitats according to the EBCC European breeding bird Atlas (Hagemeijer and Blair 1997), Birds in Europe (Tucker & Heath 1994) and national coordinators' assessments of the proportion of each species' national population breeding in a given habitat type. ‘Non-specialists’ are either generalists or specialists of other habitat types. Migration strategy was coded simply as long-distance migrant, or short-distance migrant/resident in Europe following Cramp (1977–1994). The first group was defined as a species migrating from Europe to Africa. The second group was defined as migrant birds that chiefly winter within Europe, but also included resident, sedentary and eruptive species.)

species name	common name	specialist	migration strategy
(a) agricultural birds
Alauda arvensis	skylark	specialist	short-distance/resident
Athene noctua	little owl	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Carduelis cannabina	linnet	specialist	short-distance/resident
Carduelis carduelis	goldfinch	specialist	short-distance/resident
Carduelis chloris	greenfinch	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Columba palumbus	woodpigeon	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Corvus corone	carrion/hooded crow	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Corvus monedula	jackdaw	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Coturnix coturnix	quail	specialist	long-distance
Emberiza citrinella	yellowhammer	specialist	short-distance/resident
Emberiza schoeniclus	reed bunting	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Falco subbuteo	hobby	non-specialist	long-distance
Falco tinnunculus	kestrel	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Hirundo rustica	swallow	non-specialist	long-distance
Lanius collurio	red-backed shrike	specialist	long-distance
Miliaria calandra	corn bunting	specialist	short-distance/resident
Motacilla flava	yellow wagtail	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Passer montanus	tree sparrow	specialist	short-distance/resident
Pica pica	magpie	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Saxicola rubetra	stonechat	specialist	long-distance
Streptopelia turtur	turtle dove	specialist	long-distance
Sturnus vulgaris	starling	specialist	short-distance/resident
Sylvia communis	whitethroat	specialist	long-distance
Vanellus vanellus	lapwing	specialist	short-distance/resident
(b) woodland, park and garden birds
Accipiter nisus	sparrowhawk	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Aegithalos caudatus	long-tailed tit	specialist	short-distance/resident
Anthus trivialis	tree pipit	specialist	long-distance
Buteo buteo	buzzard	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Dendrocopos major	great-spotted woodpecker	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Erithacus rubecula	robin	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Fringilla coelebs	chaffinch	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Garrulus glandarius	jay	specialist	short-distance/resident
Jynx torquilla	wryneck	non-specialist	long-distance
Muscicapa striata	spotted flycatcher	specialist	long-distance
Parus ater	coal tit	specialist	short-distance/resident
Parus caeruleus	blue tit	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Parus major	great tit	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Phoenicurus phoenicurus	redstart	specialist	long-distance
Phylloscopus collybita	chiffchaff	specialist	long-distance
Phylloscopus trochilus	willow warbler	non-specialist	long-distance
Prunella modularis	dunnock	specialist	short-distance/resident
Regulus regulus	goldcrest	specialist	short-distance/resident
Sylvia atricapilla	blackcap	specialist	short-distance/resident
Sylvia borin	garden warbler	non-specialist	long-distance
Troglodytes troglodytes	wren	specialist	short-distance/resident
Turdus merula	blackbird	non-specialist	short-distance/resident
Turdus philomelos	song thrush	specialist	short-distance/resident
Turdus viscivorus	mistle thrush	specialist	short-distance/resident