Table 1.
Properties of Th1 and Th2 cells. (STAT1, 4, 6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 4, 6; T-bet, Th1-specific T box transcription factor; GATA3, GATA binding protein 3; c-Maf, proto-oncogene c-maf, musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue, maf is a family of genes encoding bZIP transcription factors; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cell; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin.)
| property | Th1 | Th2 |
|---|---|---|
| cytokine production | interleukin-2 (IL-2) | IL-4, IL-6 |
| interferon-γ (IFN-γ) | IL-5, IL-9 | |
| lymphotoxin-β | IL-13 | |
| IL-10 | ||
| associated immunoglobulin class | IgG2a in mice, IgG2 in man | IgG1, IgE |
| transcription factors | STAT4, T-bet, STAT1 | STAT6, GATA3, c-Maf, NFAT |
| effector properties | inflammatory cellular responses | humoral immunity (especially IgE-mediated) and inhibition of Th1 responses |
| provoking tissue factors | IFN-γ, α, β, IL12p70, TNFβ, IL-18, IL-27, IL-23 | IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IL-25, TSLP, cAMP up regulators (PGE2, histamine) |
| provoking factors in vivo | intracellular pathogens (bacteria, viruses) | extracellular pathogens: parasites (helminths), bacteria, fungi |
| disease associations | tissue destructive organ-specific autoimmunity (e.g. Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, posterior uveitis) | allergy, autoantibody-associated autoimmune disease (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus) |