Table 3.

Summary of significant observations in clinical results for five surveillance visits from 1994 to 2003 (L, Low urine uranium group (U<0.1 μg g⁻¹ creatinine); H, High urine uranium group (U≥0.1 μg g⁻¹ creatinine); ns, no significant differences between groups).

clinical parameter	evaluation year
1994	1997	1999	2001	2003
renal function
urine creatinine	ns	ns	1>ha (p=0.07)	ns	ns
urine calcium				ns	ns
urine PO4				ns	ns
urine β-2 microglobulin	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
urine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP)			ns	ns	ns
urine N-acetyl-ß-glucosaminidase (NAG)			ns	ns	ns
urine total protein	ns	ns	ns	h>1 (p=0.06)	1>h (p=0.21)
urine microalbumin					ns
retinol-binding protein (RBP)		ns	ns	h>1 (p=0.06)	1>h (p=ns)
serum creatinine	ns	ns	ns	L>Hb	ns
serum calcium	ns	ns	H>L	ns	ns
serum PO4	ns	ns	ns	ns	H>L
serum uric acid	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
other serum values
GPT	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
GOT	ns	ns	ns	ns	1>h (p=0.1)
CPK	ns	ns
LDH	ns	ns	L>H	L>H	ns
alkaline phosphate	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
semen characteristics
days abstinence (2–5)		ns	ns	ns	ns
semen volume (2–5 ml)		ns	ns	ns	ns
sperm concentration (greater than 20 million ml−1)		H>L	h>1 p=0.09	h>l ns	h>1 ns
total sperm count (greater than 40 million)		ns	H>L	h>1 p=0.06	h>1 ns
percent motile sperm (greater than 50%)		ns	ns	ns	ns
total progressive sperm (greater than 20 million)		ns	H>L	ns	ns
per cent progressive sperm (greater than 50%)		ns	ns	ns	ns
total rapid progressive sperm (greater than 10 million)		ns	H>L	ns	ns
per cent rapid progressive sperm (greater than 25%)		ns	ns	ns	ns
neuroendocrine hormones
FSH		ns	ns	ns	ns
LH		ns	ns	ns	ns
prolactin		ns	ns	l>h p=0.06	ns
testosterone		ns	ns	ns	ns
TSH			ns	ns	ns
free thyroxine			ns	L>H	ns
haematologic function
white blood cells	H>L	ns	ns	ns	ns
haematocrit	ns	ns	ns	L>H	ns
haemoglobin	ns	ns	ns	L>H	ns
platelets	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
lymphocytes	L>H	ns	L>H	ns	ns
neutrophils	H>L	ns	H>L	ns	ns
basophils	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
eosinophils	ns	H>L	ns	ns	ns
monocytes	L>H	ns	L>H	ns	ns

^alower case letters indicate non-significant findings.

^bupper case letters indicate significant findings (p<0.05).