Table 1.

Summary of 11 studies of Gulf War veterans that included findings of neurological examinations. (NCS, nerve conduction studies; EMG, electromyography; ANS function, autonomic nervous system function; QST, quantitative sensory thresholds; QM, quantitative myometry; CTS, carpal tunnel syndrome; UN, ulnar neuropathy; EP, evoked potentials; AV testing, audiovestibular testing; EEG, electroencephalogram; CT scan, computed tomography brain scan; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging of brain.)

senior author(s) location year(s) of article(s)	Gulf war veterans (GWV)	non-deployed veterans (NDV) or other comparison group(S)	results of neurological examinations	results of NCS and/or EMG	other types of neurological testing	neurological diagnoses, if any
Eisen & Kang National Survey in US 2000, 2004, 2005	1061 GWV	1128 NDV	no difference between GWV and NDV on rates of peripheral neuropathy on neuro examinations	no difference between GWV and NDV on rates of peripheral neuropathy on NCS	—	rates of peripheral neuropathy were 4.8% in GWV and 5.9% in NDV
Bourdette & McCauley Oregon and Washington 1999, 2001, 2002	241 ill GWV; 113 healthy GWV	—	no differences on neuro examinations between ill GWV and healthy GWV	some veterans had sensory symptoms that were not confirmed when tested with NCS	—	—
Wessely & Sharief National survey in UK 1999, 2002, 2004	49 ill GWV; 26 healthy GWV	13 ill Bosnia veterans; 22 ill NDV	neuro examinations were unremarkable in four groups of veterans	no evidence of peripheral neuropathy on NCS and EMG in four groups of veterans	ANS functionQSTQMmuscle biopsymuscle metabolism	Among four groups of veterans: eight cases of CTS and three cases of UN
Kelsall & Sim National survey in Australia 2005	1382 GWV	1376 NDV	no differences on neuro examinations between GWV and NDV	—	—	no differences in rates of four categories of disorders between GWV and NDV
Fukuda 193rd Air National Guard in US 1995, 1998	99 ill GWV; 59 healthy GWV	—	no differences on neuro examinations between ill GWV and healthy GWV	—	—	—
Haley 24th Seabees in US 1997, 2000, 2004	23 ill GWV; 10 healthy GWV	10 healthy NDV	no differences on neuro examinations between ill GWV and controls	five ill GWV had NCS and EMG; four had mild abnormalities on NCS; all EMG were normal	ANS functionEPAV testing	—
Jamal Glasgow, Scotland 1996	14 ill GWV	13 healthy civilians	no differences on neuro examinations between GWV and controlsa	no differences on EMG between GWV and controls; no differences on NCS between GWV and controlsa	EPQST	—
Newmark Seattle, Washington 1995	65 ill GWV	—	58 out of 65 had normal neuro examinations	—	EEGsleep studies	among 65 GWV: 16 GWV were normal, 24 had headaches, 14 had sleep problems, one had CTS, one had UN, nine had other diagnoses
Amato San Antonio, Texas 1997	20 ill GWV	—	all neuro examinations were normal, except for two cases of CTS	NCS were normal, except for two cases of CTS; EMG were normal	EEGCT scanmuscle biopsymuscle metabolism	two cases of CTS
Rivera-Zayas San Juan, Puerto Rico 2001	12 ill GWV	—	all neuro examinations were normal	all NCS and EMG were normal	—	two cases of CTS
Lee London, UK 2005	33 ill GWV	—	26 out of 33 had normal neuro examinations	—	CT scan or MRIEEGbone scansX-rays of spine	among 33 GWV: 26 were normal, two had CTS, five had other diagnoses

^aNo differences, after adjustment for multiple statistical comparisons.