Fig. 4.

Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of TORCs increase mitochondrial oxidative capacity in muscle cells. Primary muscle cells were transduced with TORC1, TORC2, TORC3, or GFP adenovirus for 48 h. (A) Cellular respiration was measured without treatment (basal) or with treatment, as indicated. The average fold change over GFP (mean ± SEM) is shown. (B) Cells were labeled with [¹⁴C]palmitate for 2 h, and the complete fatty acid oxidation rate indicated by the amount of ¹⁴CO₂ produced was determined. All experiments were performed in triplicate. ∗, P < 0.05 for TORC vs. GFP; n = 3.