TABLE 1.
Comparison of the IM, HK, IRLS, and EE methods applied to simulated data under different strengths of epistasis
1:1:1
|
1:1:2
|
1:1:3
|
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Mean | SD | MSE | Mean | SD | MSE | Mean | SD | MSE | |
μ = 0 | |||||||||
IM | 0.001 | 0.061 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.070 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.086 | 0.007 |
HK | 0.000 | 0.063 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.074 | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.091 | 0.008 |
IRLS | 0.000 | 0.062 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.072 | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.088 | 0.008 |
EE | 0.000 | 0.062 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.072 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.088 | 0.008 |
a1 = 1 | |||||||||
IM | 0.998 | 0.136 | 0.019 | 0.995 | 0.164 | 0.027 | 1.018 | 0.181 | 0.033 |
HK | 1.000 | 0.155 | 0.024 | 0.991 | 0.185 | 0.034 | 1.024 | 0.220 | 0.049 |
IRLS | 1.001 | 0.152 | 0.023 | 0.993 | 0.181 | 0.033 | 1.024 | 0.212 | 0.046 |
EE | 0.999 | 0.143 | 0.021 | 0.995 | 0.172 | 0.030 | 1.020 | 0.192 | 0.037 |
a2 = 1 | |||||||||
IM | 1.003 | 0.145 | 0.021 | 1.001 | 0.157 | 0.025 | 0.995 | 0.178 | 0.032 |
HK | 1.003 | 0.160 | 0.026 | 1.003 | 0.178 | 0.032 | 1.000 | 0.215 | 0.046 |
IRLS | 1.003 | 0.158 | 0.025 | 1.004 | 0.173 | 0.030 | 1.002 | 0.207 | 0.043 |
EE | 1.004 | 0.151 | 0.023 | 1.003 | 0.163 | 0.027 | 0.996 | 0.188 | 0.035 |
b12 | |||||||||
IM | 0.987 | 0.289 | 0.084 | 2.005 | 0.342 | 1.128 | 2.986 | 0.395 | 4.101 |
HK | 0.984 | 0.385 | 0.149 | 1.998 | 0.434 | 1.185 | 3.024 | 0.518 | 4.364 |
IRLS | 0.984 | 0.385 | 0.148 | 1.997 | 0.433 | 1.182 | 3.024 | 0.517 | 4.364 |
EE | 0.990 | 0.314 | 0.099 | 2.002 | 0.370 | 1.141 | 3.014 | 0.459 | 4.265 |
σ2 | |||||||||
IM | 0.548 | 0.073 | 0.006 | 0.731 | 0.092 | 0.009 | 1.026 | 0.127 | 0.018 |
HK | 0.776 | 0.081 | 0.052 | 1.080 | 0.114 | 0.122 | 1.556 | 0.158 | 0.268 |
IRLS | 0.560 | 0.091 | 0.008 | 0.751 | 0.131 | 0.017 | 1.035 | 0.187 | 0.036 |
EE | 0.543 | 0.085 | 0.008 | 0.728 | 0.117 | 0.014 | 1.009 | 0.162 | 0.029 |
h2 = 0.5 | |||||||||
IM | 0.511 | 0.064 | 0.004 | 0.511 | 0.057 | 0.003 | 0.514 | 0.056 | 0.003 |
HK | 0.426 | 0.062 | 0.009 | 0.414 | 0.063 | 0.011 | 0.416 | 0.065 | 0.011 |
IRLS | 0.508 | 0.083 | 0.007 | 0.505 | 0.088 | 0.008 | 0.517 | 0.092 | 0.009 |
EE | 0.514 | 0.075 | 0.006 | 0.513 | 0.074 | 0.006 | 0.522 | 0.075 | 0.006 |
LRT | |||||||||
IM | 83.0 | 17.3 | 80.5 | 16.2 | 77.2 | 15.5 | |||
HK | 73.6 | 16.4 | 65.1 | 14.7 | 61.3 | 14.4 | |||
IRLS | 80.0 | 17.2 | 75.2 | 16.0 | 71.7 | 15.5 | |||
EE | 80.6 | 17.2 | 75.8 | 16.0 | 72.3 | 15.5 |
For each combination of simulated parameters, 1000 replicates, each with sample size 200, were analyzed with QTL located in the middle of two unlinked 40-cM marker intervals. σ2 = 0.5625 for effect 1:1:1; σ2 = 0.75 for effect 1:1:2; σ2 = 1.0625 for effect 1:1:3. b12 = 1, 2, and 3 for the three effect ratios, respectively. h2, the broad sense heritability (proportion of variance explained by QTL).