Figure 5.

Bar graph showing age-adjusted HRRs for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality by the life course workforce participation (LCWFP) score ranging from 0 to 3, combining workforce participation of the head of the household during childhood at age 10–15 with the subject's own workforce participation at age 30–35 and at age 40–45. Subjects who were categorized as being inside the workforce were given 0 points, while subjects categorized as being outside the workforce were given 1 point. P-values show p for trend in HRRs for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Subjects whose head of the household during childhood was categorized as being inside the workforce and who themselves were inside the workforce at age 30–35 and at age 40–45 were used as the reference group.