Table 6.

Age-adjusted hazard rate ratios (HRRs) of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, by inter- and intragenerational social mobility in men and women having either a manual or non-manual socioeconomic position (SEP) at ages 10–15, 30–35, and 40–45. A total population investigation from Scania, Sweden.

	Cardiovascular mortality*				All-cause mortality
	Men		Women		Men		Women
	Age-adjusted		Age-adjusted		Age-adjusted		Age-adjusted
	HRR†	95% CI†	HRR†	95% CI†	HRR†	95% CI†	HRR†	95% CI†
Intergenerational social mobility‡
Stable non-manual¶	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Stable manual	2.7	1.9, 3.8	2.0	1.1, 3.5	2.0	1.6, 2.5	1.4	1.1, 1.9
Downward mobile	2.4	1.5, 3.7	1.4	0.6, 3.3	1.7	1.3, 2.3	1.5	1.1, 2.2
Upward mobile	1.6	1.1, 2.4	1.6	1.0, 2.9	1.4	1.1, 1.8	1.2	0.9, 1.5
Intragenerational social mobility§
Stable non-manual¶	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Stable manual	2.3	1.7, 3.0	1.5	1.0, 2.3	1.7	1.4, 2.0	1.4	1.1, 1.7
Downward mobile	2.9	1.7, 4.9	1.9	0.7, 5.2	1.8	1.3, 2.7	1.6	1.0, 2.7
Upward mobile	1.8	1.2, 2.8	1.7	0.9, 3.5	1.4	1.1, 1.9	1.3	0.9, 1.9

* Cardiovascular mortality includes the following diagnoses; ICD 8: 390–459, ICD 9: 390–459 and ICD 10: I00-I99.

† HRR, hazard rate ratio; CI, Confidence interval.

‡ Intergenerational social mobility was defined as having a different socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood than in adulthood. Intergenerational social mobility was defined as upward, downward or socially stable comparing the childhood SEP with the subject's own occupation at age 30–35 and at age 40–45. Those stable non-manual in childhood, at age 30–35 and at age 40–45 were used as the reference.

§ Intragenerational social mobility was defined as having a different SEP at age 30–35 and at age 40–45. Intragenerational social mobility was defined as upward, downward or socially stable comparing the subject's own occupation at age 30–35 with the occupation at age 40–45. Those stable non-manual at age 30–35 and at age 40–45 were used as the reference.

¶ Reference category.