Table 8.

Age-adjusted hazard rate ratios (HRRs) of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, by inter- and intragenerational social mobility into and out of the workforce at ages 10–15, 30–35, and 40–45. A total population investigation from Scania, Sweden.

	Cardiovascular mortality*				All-cause mortality
	Men		Women		Men		Women
	Age-adjusted		Age-adjusted		Age-adjusted		Age-adjusted
	HRR†	95% CI†	HRR†	95% CI†	HRR†	95% CI†	HRR†	95% CI†
Intergenerational social mobility‡
Stable inside the workforce¶	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Stable outside the workforce	8.7	3.2, 23.2	4.1	1.01, 16.5	8.2	4.3, 15.9	4.1	2.1, 7.9
Out of the workforce	2.4	2.0, 3.0	1.6	1.2, 2.1	2.8	2.5, 3.3	1.4	1.2, 1.6
Into the workforce	1.7	1.2, 2.4	1.8	1.1, 3.2	1.5	1.2, 1.9	1.2	0.9, 1.7
Intragenerational social mobility§
Stable inside the workforce¶	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Stable outside the workforce	4.0	2.6, 6.0	3.8	2.6, 5.6	5.7	4.5, 7.1	2.8	2.3, 3.5
Out of the workforce	3.2	2.5, 4.1	1.9	1.1, 3.1	3.2	2.7, 3.7	2.3	1.8, 2.8
Into the workforce	0.7	0.4, 1.4	0.9	0.6, 1.3	1.1	0.8, 1.5	0.9	0.8, 1.1

* Cardiovascular mortality includes the following diagnoses; ICD 8: 390–459, ICD 9: 390–459 and ICD 10: I00-I99.

† HRR, hazard rate ratio; CI, Confidence interval.

‡ Intergenerational social mobility into and out of the workforce was defined as having a different workforce participation in childhood than in adulthood. Those stable inside the workforce in childhood (defined by workforce participation of the household), at age 30–35 and at age 40–45 were used as the reference.

§ Intragenerational social mobility was defined as having a different workforce participation between age 30–35 and at age 40–45. Those stable inside the workforce at age 30–35 and at age 40–45 were used as the reference.

¶ Reference category.