| Role in chronic diseases: obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, inflammation, and cancer |
Barbier et al. (2002), Berger and Moller (2002), Berger and Wagner (2002), Guerre-Millo et al. (2001), Hays et al. (2005), Jove et al. (2004), Kersten et al. (2000), Lacquemant et al. (2000), Liu et al. (2005), Moennikes et al. (2003), Moller and Berger (2003), Robitaille et al. (2004), Shankar et al. (2003), Vohl et al. (2000), Vosper et al. (2002)
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| Role in fasting |
Escher et al. (2001), Kersten et al. (2001), Poirier et al. (2001)
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| Changes in susceptibility to disease: cardiomyopathies and cardiac cell metabolism, familial combined hyperlipidemia, increased susceptibility from aging, and acetaminophen hepatotoxicity |
Brisson et al. (2002), Chao et al. (2002), Chen et al. (2000, 2002), Eurlings et al. (2002), Harris et al. (2004), Huss and Kelly (2005), Huss et al. (2005), Jamshidi et al. (2002), Jiang et al. (2004), Nohammer et al. (2003), Watanabe et al. (2000), Youssef and Badr (2002), Youssef et al. (2003)
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| Extrahepatic effects: muscle lipid homeostasis, liver fatty acid–binding protein (liver and small intestine), and early inflammation phase of the healing |
Michalik et al. (2001), Muoio et al. (2002), Poirier et al. (2001)
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| Cell signaling effects: TNF-α, growth hormone and STAT5b, L-pyruvate kinase (glycolytic enzyme), and bile acid synthesis and catabolism in the liver (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase) |
Barbier et al. (2003a, 2003b), Holden et al. (2000), Pan et al. (2000), Peters et al. (2000), Roberts et al. (2002), Rusyn et al. (2000), Sinal et al. (2001), Zhou and Waxman (1999), Zhou et al. (2002)
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| Phase I and II enzymes—CYP expression changes: CYP genes (including CYP2B, CYP2C, CYP3A, CYP1A1, and CYP4A family members), modulation of glutathione defense |
Fan et al. (2003, 2004), Kim et al. (2003), O’Brien et al. (2001), Ripp et al. (2003), Seree et al. (2004)
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| Endocrine effects: ovarian function, estrogen action, steroid metabolism enzymes, testicular degeneration, and thyroid hormone action |
Dufour et al. (2003), Gazouli et al. (2002), Kim et al. (2003), Klotz et al. (2000), Komar et al. (2001), Miller et al. (2001), Parks et al. (2000), Poole et al. (2001), Xu et al. (2001), Zhu et al. (1999)
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