Table 3.
Cytokine levels in blister fluids from 22 patients with complex regional pain syndrome measured by multiplex-25 bead array assay. Blister fluids were diluted 4-fold in matrix buffer. Lowest detectable level: lowest detectable standard which significantly differs from zero standard (experimentally determined). P-values: nt: not tested, because all measured outcomes were below detection level.
| lowest detectable | levels in blister fluid median (range) in pg/mL | |||
| 25-plex | level (pg/mL) | noninvolved | CRPS1 | P-value |
|
| ||||
| Inflammatory panel | ||||
|
| ||||
| GM-CSF | 11 | all ≤ 44 | all ≤ 44 | nt |
| IL-1β | 12 | all ≤ 48 | all ≤ 48 | nt |
| IL-1RA | 50 | 35940 | 48894 | < .001 |
| (12665–67549) | (23393–90714) | |||
| IL-6 | 2 | ≤ 8 (≤ 8–100) | 100 (≤ 8–2055) | .001 |
| IL-8 | 7 | ≤ 28 (≤ 28–301) | 46 (≤ 28–519) | .006 |
| TNF-α | 9 | ≤ 36 (≤ 36–829) | 195 (≤ 36–1923) | .013 |
|
| ||||
| Th1/Th2 panel | ||||
|
| ||||
| IFN-γ | 3 | all ≤ 12 | all ≤ 12 | nt |
| IL-2 | 4 | all < 16 | all ≤ 16 | nt |
| IL-2R | 30 | all ≤ 120 | all ≤ 120 | nt |
| IL-4 | 2 | all ≤ 8 | all ≤ 8 | nt |
| IL-5 | 2 | all ≤ 8 | all ≤ 8 | nt |
| IL-10 | 4 | 20 (≤16 –51) | 21 (≤ 16–50) | .336 |
|
| ||||
| Cytokine II panel | ||||
|
| ||||
| IFN-α | 10 | all ≤ 40 | all ≤ 40 | nt |
| IL-7 | 28 | all ≤ 112 | all ≤ 112 | nt |
| IL-12p40 | 4 | 325 (192–540) | 386 (256–542) | .007 |
| IL-13 | 3 | all ≤ 12 | all ≤ 12 | nt |
| IL-15 | 6 | all ≤ 24 | all ≤ 24 | nt |
| IL-17 | 6 | all ≤ 24 | all ≤ 24 | nt |
|
| ||||
| Chemokine panel | ||||
|
| ||||
| Eotaxin | 3 | 29 (15–54) | 24 (≤ 12–55) | .009 |
| IP-10 | 3 | 48 (24–185) | 37 (≤ 12–137) | .025 |
| MCP-1 | 3 | 297 (126–1570) | 579 (188–4415) | .002 |
| MIP-1α | 10 | all ≤ 40 | all ≤ 40 | nt |
| MIP-1β | 10 | 199 (116–450) | 290 (135–557) | .001 |
| MIG | 12 | all ≤ 48 | all ≤ 48 | nt |
| RANTES | 10 | all ≤ 40 | all ≤ 40 | nt |