Table 2.
Effect of education programme on primary and secondary outcomes: baseline and 4-month values. Intention to treat analysis.
| Outcome | Baseline | 4 months | Effect size (95% CI) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | |||
| Self efficacy (scale 5–30,↑ better) | 16.39 | 16.31 | 17.62 | 18.22 | 0.67a (0.08 to 1.25) | 0.025 |
| Self care behaviour (scale 5–25, ↑ better) | 7.16 | 7.23 | 8.31 | 8.95 | 0.53a (0.01 to 1.06) | 0.047 |
| Communication with physician (scale 5–20, ↑ better) | 6.68 | 6.49 | 7.49 | 7.60 | 0.15 a (−0.23 to 0.54) | 0.435 |
| Health status | ||||||
| Depression (scale 0–21, ↓ better) | 8.64 | 8.84 | 8.49 | 8.55 | −0.22a (−0.71 to 0.28) | 0.392 |
| Anxiety (scale 0–21, ↓ better) | 8.41 | 8.66 | 8.08 | 8.23 | −0.09a (−0.55 to 0.35) | 0.682 |
| Pain (scale 1–5, ↓ better) | 3.49 | 3.36 | 3.23 | 3.07 | −0.13b (−0.48 to 0.22) | 0.462 |
| Fatigue (scale 1–5, ↓ better) | 3.33 | 3.40 | 3.17 | 3.25 | 0.06b (−0.22 to 0.12) | 0.721 |
| Shortness breath (scale 1–5, ↓ better) | 2.29 | 2.45 | 2.23 | 2.26 | −0.22b (−0.60 to 0.16) | 0.249 |
| Health status EQ5D | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.005a (−0.044 to 0.054) | 0.827 |
| Healthcare use | ||||||
| Visits to GP/practice nurse in last 3 months | 4.12 | 3.97 | 3.71 | 3.53 | 0.99c (0.90 to 1.10) | 0.893 |
In all analyses, age, sex, main condition at baseline and baseline values of outcome are adjusted for. In the Poisson regression baseline value of outcome is included as an offset. The coefficients presented are:
adjusted difference in means,
coefficient on logistic scale,
incidence rate ratio. The coefficient on the logistic scale presented for the proportional odds ordered logistic regression model is similar to the coefficient from a logistic regression model. For a logistic model the coefficient can be directly converted to an easily interpretable odds ratio. This is not the case for the coefficients from the proportional odds ordered logistic model. Negative coefficients for the proportional odds ordered model indicate that symptom scores are lower in the intervention group.