Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of subjects with and without reported sleep difficulties.
| No sleep difficulties (n = 383) | Sleep difficulties (n = 646) | Mean difference (95% CIa) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years (mean ± SD) | 72.6 ± 7.2 | 71.8 ± 7.4 | 0.8 (−0.1 to 1.7) | 0.093 |
| Female sex (%) | 51.7 | 60.5 | −8.8 (−15.1 to −2.5) | 0.006 |
| Married or cohabiting (%) | 70.8 | 68.9 | 1.9 (−4.5 to 8.4) | 0.528 |
| Concern with finances (%) | 6.210 | 12.621 | −6.4 (−10.0 to −2.8) | 0.001 |
| Limited or no social contact (%) | 21.26 | 19.76 | 1.5 (−3.6 to 6.6) | 0.557 |
| Fair or poor health (%) | 19.73 | 35.93 | −16.2 (−21.7 to −10.7) | <0.001 |
| Using sleeping tablets (%) | 11.2 | 39.6 | −28.4 (−33.3 to −23.5) | <0.001 |
| Currently smoking (%) | 5.2 | 5.8 | −0.6 (−3.5 to 2.3) | 0.657 |
| Hazardous or harmful drinking (%) | 6.17 | 7.613 | −1.5 (−4.7 to 1.7) | 0.379 |
| CES-D (mean ± SD) | 7.5 ± 6.55 | 13.2 ± 9.313 | −5.7 (−6.8 to −4.7) | <0.001 |
| Clinically significant depressive symptoms (%) | 9.55 | 31.413 | −21.9 (−26.6 to −17.2) | <0.001# |
a
95% CI of the difference between subjects without and with sleep complaints. n describes the number of subjects for whom information was missing. Student's t-test was used for the between-group comparison of age and Mann-Whitney test was used for the between group comparison of CES-D scores. All other between-group comparisons were based on the Pearson's χ2 statistic
b
P<0.001 after the analysis was adjusted in a logistic regression model for sex, financial burden and poor self-perceived health (odds of being depressed if sleep complaints were present. Odds ratio = 3.66; 95% CI = 2.45 to 5.45)