Table 3.

Results of the discriminant analyses between populations. The upper right triangle gives the Mahalanobis' distances between the adults of each population (based on PC1-16); and the lower left those between the combined adults and age-series (based on PC1-26). The upper value in each table element represents the distance between the populations, and the lower the corresponding p value from Hotelling's T2

	Polynesian	Papua New Guinean	Australian	Egyptian	Alaskan	Ashanti	Aleutian	African American	Arikara	Caucasian
Polynesian		5.571714	6.436148	6.774806	5.064287	7.784151	6.12601	5.849701	4.445447	5.54626
		p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001
Papua New Guinean	3.239136		4.388736	4.254409	4.89183	4.459372	5.30773	5.249	4.346148	5.104998
	p < 0.0001		p = 0.0003	p = 0.0002	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001
Australian	4.588573	2.648396		6.745221	5.975617	4.681346	7.136456	5.67609	5.855169	6.873936
	p < 0.0001	p = 0.0009		p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001
Egyptian	3.042532	3.826879	5.186617		5.764026	5.514164	4.420407	5.968417	4.590316	5.286114
	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001		p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001
Alaskan	3.682934	4.771792	5.953654	3.798552		3.798552	5.901356	3.875822	6.450349	3.628085	5.890076
	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001		p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001
Ashanti	3.65527	2.754451	3.534402	4.549835	5.10196		6.109583	4.923312	5.810938	6.374088
	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001		p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001
Aleutian	4.38372	5.525939	6.857988	3.54415	3.664833	5.581666		6.283868	3.946644	6.189507
	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001		p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001
African American	3.872596	3.976431	4.750263	4.556205	4.682307	3.561601	5.370568		5.05193	4.524268
	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001		p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001
Arikara	3.319789	4.298372	5.823725	3.207647	3.363183	4.954796	3.349478	3.612617		5.398796
	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001		p < 0.0001
Caucasian	3.580782	4.24429	5.466352	2.920616	3.768023	4.498444	4.346378	4.398181	3.597777
	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001