Table 4.
Influence on principal components | Morphocline of expression | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Character | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | More | Less | |
Entoglenoid process (and foramen ovale) posteriorly positioned | N | N | + | Pongo | Gorilla/Pan/Homo | |
Entoglenoid process projection | + | – | – | Gorilla | Pongo/Pan | Homo |
Entoglenoid process directed postero-inferiorly | – | N | N | Homo | Gorilla/Pongo/Pan | |
External acoustic porus relatively large | – | N | + | Homo | Pongo/Pan | Gorilla |
Mandibular fossa depth (and prominence of articular eminence) | – | – | N | Homo | Gorilla/Pongo | Pan |
Mandibular fossa medially positioned relative to lateral wall of braincase | – | + | N | Homo/Pan | Gorilla/Pongo | |
Mastoid process inferior projection | – | N | N | Homo | Gorilla/Pongo/Pan | |
Mastoid process medially inflected | + | + | N | Pan | Gorilla/Pongo | Homo |
Mastoid process anterior projection | + | N | + | Pongo | Gorilla/Pan | Homo |
Petrous axis more coronally orientated | – | N | N | Homo | Gorilla/Pongo/Pan | |
Postglenoid process size (inferior projection) | + | – | N | Gorilla/Pongo | Pan | Homo |
Temporal bone mediolaterally narrow | – | N | N | Homo | Gorilla/Pongo/Pan | |
Temporal bone anteroposteriorly compressed | + | N | + | Pongo | Gorilla/Pan | Homo |
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) size (relative to temporal bone as a whole) | + | – | N | Gorilla/Pongo | Homo /Pan | |
TMJ shifted posterolaterally | N | N | + | Pongo | Gorilla/Pan/Homo | |
TMJ articular surface extends anteriorly (preglenoid plane) | + | + | N | Pan | Gorilla/Pongo | Homo |
Tympanic wider anteroposteriorly in parasagittal plane of carotid canal | N | + | N | Pan | Gorilla/Pongo/Homo | |
Tympanic laterally projecting | + | N | – | Gorilla | Pongo/Pan | Homo |
Tympanic depth (supero-inferior) | – | – | N | Homo | Gorilla/Pongo | Pan |
Tympanic more sagittally orientated (axis from carotid canal to inferolateral point on tympanic) | – | N | + | Homo | Pongo | Gorilla/Pan |
Tympanic and mastoid process more closely approximated | – | N | + | Homo | Pongo | Gorilla/Pan |
Vertical thickness from mandibular fossa to supraglenoid surface | + | N | + | Pongo | Gorilla/Pan | Homo |
Key: +, positively correlated with PC; −, negatively correlated with PC; N, no impact on PC.