Table 1.

Muscle properties assumed in the model of the distal forelimb

		(N)	(m)	(m)	αo (degrees)	%slow	kT (GPa)
Superficial digital flexor	SDF	9096.6	0.0075	0.7971	41.6	0.57a	2.03
Deep digital flexor	DDF	9504.3	0.0202	0.8230	21.6	0.39a	1.41
Suspensory ligament	SL	–	–	0.3307	–	–	1.41
Common digital extensor	CDE	1044.4	0.0814	0.7129	13.3	0.50	1.41
Lateral digital extensor	LDE	401.6	0.0422	0.5927	17.5	0.50	1.41
Ulnaris lateralis	UL	5731.1	0.0174	0.3700	34.3	0.50	1.41
Flexor carpi ulnaris	FCU	3982.5	0.0183	0.3625	31.6	0.40a	1.41
Flexor carpi radialis	FCR	535.5	0.0897	0.3647	6.7	0.36a	1.41
Extensor carpi radialis	ECR	2891.7	0.0760	0.4088	16.0	0.21b,c	1.41
Abductor pollicis longus	APL	607.4	0.0186	0.2200	22.6	0.50	1.41

Symbols indicated in the table are: , peak isometric force of muscle; , optimal muscle-fibre length at peak isometric force; α_o, muscle pennation angle at peak isometric force; , tendon slack length; %_slow, percentage of slow twitch muscle fibres; and k^T, tangent modulus of elasticity for tendon. Percentage of slow-twitch fibres was assumed to be 50% unless otherwise indicated;

^afibre-type data were taken from Hermanson & Cobb (1992)

^bHermanson (1997)

^cAndrews & Spurgeon (1986)