Fig. 8.

(A) Resconstruction of the pelvis in the early amphibian Ichthyostega from the Middle/Late Devonian in left lateral view (from Jarvik, 1996). (B) Left ilium of the pro-anuran Czatkobatrachus from the Early Triassic in presumably original position; left lateral view; scale bar, 1 mm (from Evans & Borsuk-Białynicka, 1998). (C) Left ilium of the modern anuran Rana with indication of muscle origins; left lateral view (from Gaupp, 1896). (D) Pelvis of the pro-anuran Triadobatrachus massinoti from the Early Triassic in ventral view. Both ilia are disarticulated and exposed in lateral aspect. Note presence of free sacral and first postsacral ribs; scale bar, 5 mm (from Rage & Roček, 1989). (E) Superficial thigh muscles in the neotenous tailed amphibian Ambystoma in dorsolateral view. (F) Superficial thigh muscles of Rana in dorsal view (from Gaupp, 1896). Note similar muscle patterns in E and F, although orientation of the iliac shaft is markedly different.