Table 4.
Muscle data
| Muscle mass (g) | Volume (cm3) | Belly length (mm) | Fascicle length (mm) | PCSA (cm2) | Pennation angle (°) | Force (N) | Power (W) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psoas major | 1182 (821–1652) | 1116 | 312 | 198 (95–280) | 56 | 29 (20–35) | 1694 | 177 |
| Psoas minorb | 432 (282–740) | 408 | 331 | 67 (50–205) | 61 | 37 (35–38) | 1833 | 65 |
| Iliacus | 1395 (1288–1507) | 1316 | 340 | 244 (170–305) | 54 | 26 (15–40) | 1617 | 209 |
| Glutaeus superficialis | 646 (439–768) | 609 | 433 | 102 (55–190) | 60 | 36 (28–50) | 1793 | 97 |
| Glutaeus medialis | 8577 (6390–12200) | 8091 | 440 | 203 (135–300) | 398 | 28 (15–45) | 11942 | 1287 |
| Glutaeus profundus | 1351 (1121–1755) | 1275 | 286 | 118 (42–220) | 108 | 30 (15–40) | 3249 | 203 |
| Tensor fascia lata | 1448 (1071–2349) | 1366 | 278 | 97 (60–150) | 140 | 34 (20–43) | 4210 | 217 |
| Biceps femoris (intermediate head) | 870 (552–1210) | 820 | 313 | 235 (190–260) | 35 | 27 (20–40) | 1048 | 130 |
| Biceps femoris (vertebral head) | 6112 (4876–8030) | 5766 | 586 | 258 (130–330) | 223 | 37 (28–50) | 6705 | 917 |
| Biceps femoris (caudal head) | 946 (700–1260) | 892 | 337 | 245 (170–300) | 36 | 39 (30–45) | 1092 | 142 |
| Semitendinosus (vertebral head) | 2684 (2000–4031) | 2532 | 543 | 274 (105–289) | 92 | 28 (20–35) | 2770 | 403 |
| Semitendinosus (pelvic head) | 1727 (959–2721) | 1630 | 367 | 312 (180–355) | 52 | 35 (25–45) | 1567 | 259 |
| Semimembranosus (vertebral & pelvic heads) | 3834 (2982–5171) | 3617 | 616 | 342 (80–760) | 106 | 35 (20–45) | 3171 | 575 |
| Gracilis | 1760 (1064–2538) | 1661 | 320 | 123 (80–175) | 135 | 31 (22–35) | 4037 | 264 |
| Sartorius | 484 (333–738) | 456 | 431 | 376 (250–460) | 12 | 21 (20–25) | 364 | 73 |
| Adductor (magnus & brevis) | 3924 (2942–5464) | 3702 | 451 | 176 (80–390) | 211 | 35 (25–40) | 6322 | 589 |
| Pectineus | 447 (284–647) | 422 | 261 | 78 (49–320) | 54 | 29 (13–50) | 1614 | 67 |
| Rectus femoris | 2291 (1747–3000) | 2161 | 360 | 98 (40–152) | 220 | 40 (25–53) | 6610 | 344 |
| Vastus medialis | 1878 (1496–2406) | 1772 | 326 | 119 (90–145) | 148 | 33 (25–41) | 4448 | 282 |
| Vastus intermedius | 501 (280–725) | 473 | 284 | 105 (60–220) | 45 | 41 (30–55) | 1355 | 75 |
| Vastus lateralis | 1734 (1073–2227) | 1636 | 323 | 155 (92–220) | 105 | 36 (30–40) | 3163 | 260 |
| Popliteus | 280 (171–423) | 264 | 235 | 38 (21–170) | 70 | 42 (35–50) | 2107 | 42 |
| Gastrocnemius medialis | 817 (512–1132) | 771 | 254 | 48 (25–99) | 161 | 36 (20–45) | 4836 | 123 |
| Gastrocnemius lateralis | 808 (592–1389) | 762 | 262 | 56 (36–70) | 137 | 34 (30–45) | 4098 | 121 |
| Soleusa | 6 (4–9) | 6 | 155 | 121 (110–151) | 0 | 22 (22–22) | 15 | 1 |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis | 111 (70–139) | 105 | 214 | 3 (1–6) | 417 | 52 (40–60) | 12514 | 17 |
| Flexor digitorum medialis | 161 (143–188) | 152 | 270 | 70 (4–100) | 22 | 27 (12.0–40) | 652 | 24 |
| Flexor digitorum lateralis | 660 (391–922) | 622 | 297 | 10 (3–55) | 644 | 44 (30–60) | 19324 | 99 |
| Tibialis caudalis | 224 (148–308) | 211 | 242 | 57 (40–117) | 37 | 31 (20–60) | 1106 | 34 |
| Extensor digitorum lateralis | 192 (152–275) | 181 | 284 | 70 (35–110) | 26 | 28 (20–45) | 776 | 29 |
| Extensor digitorum longus | 462 341–557) | 435 | 271 | 81 (60–110) | 54 | 29 (25–45) | 1620 | 69 |
| Tibialis cranialis | 309 (216–398) | 291 | 326 | 40 (17–218) | 73 | 41 (25–60) | 2199 | 46 |
| Total hindlimb muscle mass | 49478 |
Fascicle length range is the range of all fascicle length measurements taken from that muscle in all subjects.
a
Soleus is very small and difficult to distinguish from GL; it was only found in 2 out of 6 horses.
b
Iliacus was damaged in subject 4 so n = 6 for that muscle.