Effect of the purinergic antagonists, PPADS (A), suramin (B) and KN-62 (C) on ATP-evoked responses in mouse, human and rat P2X4 receptors expressed in HEK-293 cells. In all cases, whole cell currents were induced by 10 μM ATP, before and in the presence of serially increasing concentrations of antagonist. The inter-application time was 5 min, antagonists were included at the appropriate concentration in the superfusate and U-tube drug application system. Symbols are mean±s.e.mean (n=6–11).