Effect of the selective VIP1 receptor antagonist (VIP1ra), guanethidine (guan), guanethidine+the selective VIP1 receptor antagonist and the combination of guanethidine+L-NNA+the selective VIP1 receptor antagonist on the maximum relaxation induced by manipulation of the small intestine and caecum resection. Results are expressed as per cent of the SNP-induced relaxation and are shown as mean+s.e.mean for n=3–7 animals *P<0.05, different from control, Student's t-test; #P<0.05, different from guanethidine, Student's t-test.