Pleural injection of carrageenan caused by 4 h an increase in the release of the cytokines, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα, A), interleukin-1β (IL-1β, B), interleukin-6 (IL-6, C) and interleukin-10 (IL-10, D). When tested at the highest dose, M40403 (20 mg kg−1, intraperitoneally) inhibited TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 (A – C) but had no effect on IL-10 (D). Each value is the mean±s.e.mean for n=10 experiments. *P<0.01 vs control and oP<0.01 vs carrageenan treated in the absence of M40403.