p38 MAP kinase and JNK regulate IV infection-induced RANTES production. BEC were stimulated with IV for the desired times as indicated. The lysates from BEC were separated by a 15% SDS – PAGE, transferred to membranes, and blotted either with a specific antibody (ab) to phosphorylated threonine and tyrosine of p38 MAP kinase (phospho-p38 MAP kinase; upper panel of (a)) or a specific ab to phosphorylated threonine and tyrosine of JNK (phospho-JNK; upper panel of (b)). Blots shown in the upper panel of (a) were stripped and reprobed using a phosphorylation state-independent p38 MAP kinase specific ab to show the amounts of p38 MAP kinase blotted (p38 MAP kinase; lower panel of (a)). Blots shown in the upper panel of (b) were stripped and reprobed using a phosphorylation state-independent JNK specific antibody to show the amounts of JNK blotted (JNK; lower panel of (b)). Lane P of (a) and (b) represent phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase and JNK control protein for positive control, respectively (New England Biolabs, Inc.). Lane N of (a) and (b) represent nonphosphorylated p38 MAP kinase and JNK control protein for negative control, respectively (New England Biolabs, Inc.). The amounts of phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase and JNK proteins were quantified by NIH image analyzer and are presented as the amounts of phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase and JNK proteins relative to control cells treated without IV (1.0). Three identical experiments independently performed gave similar results. Fold increase in amounts of phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase and JNK proteins as indicated below are expressed as the mean±s.d. in three different experiments. *1=P<0.01 compared with amounts of phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase or JNK proteins in IV-uninfected BEC. BEC that had been preincubated either with medium, SB 203580 (10 μM) or CEP-1347 (1 μM) for 1 h were cultured with medium or infected with IV and the concentrations of RANTES in the culture supernatants were determined at 24 h after IV infection (c). The results are expressed as the mean±s.d. in six different experiments. *2=P<0.01 compared with RANTES concentrations in BEC cultured without inhibitor.