Figure 4.

Amantadine inhibits IV infection-induced p38 MAP kinase and JNK activation. BEC that had been preincubated either with medium or amantadine (10 μM) for 1 h were infected with IV. p38 MAP kinase and JNK activation was analysed at 6 h after IV infection. The cells were cultured with medium (lane 1), amantadine (lane 2), IV (lane 3) and IV and amantadine (lane 4). Three identical experiments independently performed gave similar results. Fold increase in amounts of phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase and JNK proteins as indicated below are expressed as the mean±s.d. in three different experiments. ^*1=P<0.01 compared with amounts of phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase or JNK proteins in IV-infected BEC cultured without amantadine.