Figure 5.

Amantadine does not inhibit TNF-α-induced p38 MAP kinase and JNK activation, and RANTES production. BEC that had been preincubated either with medium or amantadine (10 μM) for 1 h were stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng ml⁻¹). p38 MAP kinase and JNK activation was analysed at 10 min after stimulation with TNF-α (a) and (b). The cells were cultured with medium (lane 1), amantadine (lane 2), TNF-α (lane 3) and TNF-α and amantadine (lane 4). The fold increases in amounts of phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase and JNK proteins are indicated below. Three identical experiments independently performed gave similar results. Fold increase in amounts of phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase and JNK proteins as indicated below are expressed as the mean±s.d. in three different experiments. The concentrations of RANTES in the culture supernatants were determined at 24 h after TNF-α stimulation (c). The results are expressed as the mean±s.d. in three different experiments.