Effect of charged molecules on HPBMNC adhesion to HUVECs. HUVECs were stimulated with (a) IL-1β (100 u ml−1), (b) TNF-α (1000 u ml−1) or (c) LPS (100 μg ml−1) for 6 h, in the absence and presence of different concentrations of poly-L-glutamic acid (PGA, open bars) or dextran sulphates with molecular weights of 5000 (DS 5 k, closed bars) and 10,000 (DS 10 k, hatched bars), respectively. 51Cr-labelled HPBMNCs were added for 30 min and adhesion was quantified by γ-counting lysates of adherent cells and was calculated as a percentage of that seen in control wells that had not been treated with PGA or dextrans. Data are expressed as the mean±s.e.mean of six separate experiments, each performed in triplicate. *Statistical significance (P<0.05) is indicated.