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Inhibition of 2-CADO-induced RA – FLSs apoptosis by caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Cells were preincubated for 60 min or without 20 μM z-VAD-fmk, washed and then incubated for an additional 24 h with 2-CADO with or without z-VAD-fmk. Representative results from three independent experiments using RA – FLSs derived from two different patients are shown. The data are normalized to the control value, which was arbitrarily assigned a value of 1.0; #, P<0.05 vs control incubation.
