Representative micrograph showing the location of the injection sites (MS, marked with india ink) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN, dashed line represent the limit of the nucleus). GC is the lesion evoked by the guide cannulae. AP=1.4 mm posterior to the bregma. A rat was considered successfully injected when both cannula tips were shown to be slightly above the PVN or within a distance of 0.5 mm of the PVN. 3V, third ventricle; AH, anterior hypothalamic area; AVT, anteroventral thalamic nucleus; F, fornix; GP, globus pallidus; IC, internal capsule; ST, striatum; VLT, ventrolateral thalamic nucleus.