Figure 2.
Effect of PPACK-treated thrombin on (a) GM-CSF levels and (b) cell number. Quiescent human ASM cells were stimulated for 48 h with either thrombin (0.3 U ml−1) or PPACK-treated thrombin (0.3 U ml−1). ***P<0.001, NS=not significant compared with basal, †P<0.001 compared with Sham-Thr, n=8. The average number of unstimulated cells (basal) at the end of the 48 h stimulation was 2.1±0.2×105 cells per well.