Figure 1.

Effects of tRA on the structure of glomerular epithelial cells: In all, 30 female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control, tRA, PAN, tRA+PAN, and PAN+tRA2 (see Methods). Left panel: Glomerular epithelial cell damage in a PAN-treated animal consists of edema of the epithelial cell cytoplasm with diffuse and prominent foot process obliteration (black arrows). Central panel: Very mild degenerative changes of glomerular epithelial cells can be seen in an animal with tRA pretreatment (tRA+PAN group). Right panel: Glomeruli from an animal with tRA treatment 2 days after PAN injection (PAN+tRA2 group) show much less intense foot process obliteration (black arrows) than in the PAN group. (Magnification: × 5200).