Effect of the PI-3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin (100 nM), the CAPP inhibitor okadaic acid (100 nM), the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (1 μM), or the NOS inhibitor L-NAME (100 μM) on per cent change in PS in the absence or presence of ceramide (10 μM) (5 min exposure). Mean±s.e.m., n=11–16 cells per group for inhibitors in the absence of ceramide (left four bars) and n=11–30 cells per group for inhibitors in the presence of 10 μM ceramide (right five bars), *P<0.05 vs the respective baseline control value for each inhibitor when assessed using a paired t-test. For the rest of the groups, P>0.05 vs 10 μM ceramide exposure (empty bar), determined by one-way ANOVA.