CEES-induced loss of ΔΨmito and protective effect of antioxidants in Jurkat cells. (a) Cells were incubated for 5 or 12 h in the presence of 600 μM CEES, or for 5 h with 1 μM staurosporine (S), after which ΔΨmito was evaluated with the use of JC-1 and flow cytometry. Traces labeled C and NC correspond to cells that were not treated with CEES or staurosporine, and that were either exposed or not, respectively, to JC-1. (b, c) Cells were incubated first for 1 h with 5 mM NAC (b) or 1 mM GSH-ethyl ester (c), and then for 5 h in the additional presence of CEES. Traces labeled C and NC were as described in (a). Panels are representative of three independent experiments.