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. 2006 Aug 28;6:45. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-6-45

Table 1.

Illustration of questions and answering grid format.

For diagnostic knowledge assessment
If you were thinking of And then you find This hypothesis becomes
(A diagnosis hypothesis) (A new clinical information, an imaging study or a laboratory test result) -2 -1 0 +1 +2
-2 the hypothesis is almost eliminated
-1 the hypothesis becomes less probable
0 the information has no effect on the hypothesis
+1 the hypothesis is becoming more probable
+2 it can only be this hypothesis
For investigation knowledge assessment
If you were considering to ask And then you find This investigation becomes
(A diagnostic test) (A new clinical information, an imaging study or a laboratory test result) -2 -1 0 +1 +2
-2 contra-indicated totally or almost totally
-1 not useful or even detrimental
0 nor less nor more useful
+1 useful
+2 absolutely necessary
For treatment knowledge assessment
If you were considering to prescribe And then you find The relevance of this treatment becomes
(A therapeutic option) (A new clinical information, an imaging study or a laboratory test result) -2 -1 0 +1 +2
-2 contra-indicated totally or almost totally
-1 not useful or even detrimental
0 nor less nor more useful
+1 useful
+2 necessary or absolutely necessary

The item format varies with the object of assessment (e.g. diagnostic, investigation, treatment).