Table 1.
Acute stress-induced activation of colonic motor function: inhibition by pretreatment with CRF antagonists in experimental animals
| CRF antagonists | Dose/Route | Acute stress | Colonic inhibition | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonists | ||||
| α-helical CRF9–41 | 50 μg rat−1, icv | Wrap restraint | Rapid transit (∼100%) | Williams et al. (1987) |
| α-helical CRF9–41 | 50 μg rat−1, icv | Partial restraint | Rapid transit (∼90%) | Lenz et al. (1988b) |
| α-helical CRF9–41 | 50 μg rat−1, pvn | Wrap restraint | Rapid transit (∼100%) | Mönnikes et al., 1992b |
| α-helical CRF9–41 | 50 μg rat−1, pvn | WAS | Rapid transit (∼100%) | Mönnikes et al. (1993a) |
| α-helical CRF9–41 | 10 μg rat−1, icv | IL-1β, icv | Spike burst (100%) | Fargeas et al. (1993) |
| α-helical CRF9–41 | 2 μg rat−1, icv | Conditioned fear | Spike burst (100%) | Gué et al. (1991) |
| α-helical CRF9–41 | 50 μg rat−1, icv | WAS | Defecation (60%) | Bonaz & Taché (1994) |
| α-helical CRF9–41 | 50 μg rat−1, icv | Wrap restraint | Defecation (60%) | Williams et al. (1987) |
| α-helical CRF9–41 | 10 μg rat−1, icv | Morphine withdrawal | Diarrhea (∼50%) | Lu et al. (2000) |
| D-Phe12-CRF12–41 | 10 μg rat−1, ic | WAS | Defecation (∼50%) | Million et al. (2000) |
| Astressin | 10 μg rat−1, icv | WAS | Defecation (56%) | Martinez et al. (1997) |
| Martinez & Taché (2001) | ||||
| Selective CRF1 receptor antagonists | ||||
| CP-154,526 | 20 mg kg−1, sc | Partial restraint | Transit (55%) | Million et al. (2002) |
| CP-154,526 | 20 mg kg−1, sc | WAS | Defecation (55%) | Maillot et al. (2000) |
| CP-154,526 | 30 mg kg−1, sc | Morphine withdrawal | Diarrhea (∼50%) | Lu et al. (2000) |
| CRA 1000 | 20 mg kg−1, sc | Morphine withdrawal | Diarrhea (∼50%) | Funada et al. (2001) |
| NBI-27914 | 100 μg rat−1, icv | WAS | Defecation (67%) | Martinez & Taché (2001) |
| NBI-35965 | 50 μg mouse−1, icv | Restraint | Defecation (100%) | Martinez et al. (2004) |
| NBI-35965 | 20 mg kg−1, sc, monkey | WAS | Defecation 53% | Million et al. (2003) |
| Antalarmin | 20 mg kg−1, po | Social intruder | Defecation (40%) | Habib et al. (2000) |
| CRF1 knockout mice | — | Open field test | Defecation (P=0.0008) | Bale et al. (2002) |
ic=intracisternal; icv=intracerebroventricular; IL-1β=interleukin-1β; po=per oral; PVN=paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; sc=subcutaneous; WAS=water avoidance stress. All the studies were done in rats except otherwise stated.