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Possible mechanisms underlying adrenergic nerve-mediated and endothelium-independent vasodilation induced by nicotine in the rat mesenteric artery. N-R, α1-R and β-R indicate nicotinic receptor, α1- and β-adrenoceptor, respectively. P2x shows the ATP P2x receptor. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide; DA, dopamine; DOPA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; NA, noradrenaline; NPY, neuropeptide Y; R, receptor.
