Induction of HO-1 by clasto-Lactacystin, butyrate, and ritonavir plus butyrate. (a) DLD-1 cells were kept as unstimulated vehicle control (C, 0.1% DMSO) or were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of clasto-Lactacystin or with ritonavir (R) at 60 μM. After 24 h, cells were harvested and homogenates were assayed for HO-1 protein expression by immunoblot analysis. (b) DLD-1 cells were kept as unstimulated control (C, without DMSO) or were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of sodium butyrate (B). After 24 h, cells were harvested and homogenates were assayed for HO-1 protein expression by immunoblot analysis. One representative of four independent experiments is shown. (c) DLD-1 cells were kept as unstimulated control (C, 0.1% DMSO) or were stimulated with sodium butyrate (B, 10 mM) plus ritonavir (R, 60 μM). After 20 h, cells were harvested and homogenates were assayed for HO-1 protein expression by immunoblot analysis. One representative of five independent experiments is shown.