Mean neuronal densities expressed as cells per μm2 in brain regions of male and female capsaicin- and vehicle-treated rats. AC, anterior cingulate; SIJ, primary somatosensory cortex jaw region; M2, secondary motor cortex; Au1, primary auditory cortex; VIM, primary visual cortex monocular; CPu, caudate putamen. Histograms show mean±s.e.m. behaviour counts obtained from five rats. Single-hatched histograms show data from male rats and cross-hatched histograms data from female rats. Asterisks show significant differences from vehicle control. **P<0.01; *P<0.05.